The journey to recover following a stroke can be challenging for both the individual affected and their caregivers. However, with the right rehabilitation techniques, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in function and independence. At SG ProRehab, we understand the importance of stroke rehabilitation and the positive effects it can have on the patient. Being able to engage in daily living activities independently without the constant supervision and assistance of another person is also critical to the psychological wellbeing of stroke patients. Hence, we’ve put together this guide to help you understand the role of physiotherapy in enhancing the quality of life for stroke patients at each stage of the recovery. Keep reading to learn how you can help your loved one get back on track.Â
Learn More: What Is a Stroke? Will I Get Better?
Acute Stage (First Two Weeks)
Time is of the essence during the early stages of stroke recovery. And you should be grabbing onto this two-week window of opportunity for dramatic healing. This is also when the brain’s ability to rewire and reorganise itself, known as neuroplasticity, is most active. What this means is that the brain is more receptive to changes and can adapt more readily to new tasks or therapies during this time.
Additionally, early intervention through physiotherapy minimises the risk of secondary damage. Even as your family member is recovering from a stroke, their brain tissue is still experiencing damage due to factors such as swelling, inflammation, and decreased blood flow. Physiotherapy can help improve circulation, reduce swelling, and prevent muscle contractures during this time to mitigate further complications.Â
Sub-Acute Stage (Three to 11 Weeks Post-Stroke)
As you approach the two- to three-month mark post-stroke, known as the sub-acute stage, it is critical to increase stroke recovery treatment efforts.Â
In fact, research shows that it’s the key period for rehabilitation and patients generally showed the greatest improvement when they receive extra hours of intensive motor skills therapy during this time.
Physiotherapy at this stage encourages the brain to form new neural connections and reorganise neural networks, which facilitates the learning of new movement patterns and skills, helping patients regain lost functions. Certain approaches, such as progressive resistance training, passive mobilisation technique, and gait training, are also employed to work on improving muscle strength, flexibility, and walking posture.Â
Early Chronic Stage (12 to 24 Weeks Post-Stroke) and Chronic Stage (More than 24 Weeks Post-Stroke)
Recovery results may start to plateau nine to 12 months post-stroke. However, while it is believed that rehabilitation cannot yield much positive outcomes during this period, research suggests otherwise. Even in the early chronic and chronic stages, there is still ample opportunity if you seek the right guidance and introduce appropriate stroke recovery exercises. While the gains may not be significant, patients can experience sufficient improvements to perform activities of daily living.Â
At SG ProRehab, our physiotherapists continue to work closely with stroke patients to implement long-term stroke rehabilitation strategies aimed at increasing physical activity levels, maintaining a healthy weight, and preventing recurrent strokes. Through tailored rehabilitation plans, we work to empower individuals to reclaim independence and enhance their overall quality of life, even years after their initial stroke.
Some physiotherapy techniques that are effective during the chronic stages include:
- Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT): The patient’s unaffected limb will be restrained to encourage the use and strengthening of the affected limb, promoting neuroplasticity and relearning of motor skills.Â
- Task-Oriented Training: The patient will be encouraged to repeat functional tasks relevant to daily life, such as reaching for objects, grabbing them, and walking. The emphasis is on repetition and progressively increasing task difficulty to improve motor function and coordination.Â
- Electrical Stimulation: Techniques such as Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) or Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) are employed to help improve muscle strength, reduce spasticity, and facilitate movement in paralysed or weakened muscles.
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The journey of stroke rehabilitation is multifaceted and requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique needs of each individual. If you’re looking for a physiotherapy clinic to aid your family member in recovering from a stroke, SG ProRehab is here to offer a helping hand. Book a first appointment at our rehab centre with us here.
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